癌症的治疗方法仍然是目前医学研究的前沿内容。准确诊断癌症对采取适当有效 的治疗措施必不可少,因为每种癌症类型都需要特定的治疗方案。癌症多采用综合 治疗,以外科手术、化疗、放疗相结合为主,有需要者可结合靶向治疗、生物治疗 等方法,以提高预后。适当选择治疗方案既要考虑癌症又要考虑接受治疗的个体 情况。我们也专门针对癌症的治疗方法进行总结与归纳,用通俗的语言为大家 介绍,详细内容参考链接()。在此,我们将简要介绍癌症治疗的分类方法。
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癌症有超過一百個種類,一般可依據癌細胞原發部位來分類,例如肺癌、乳癌等;另外能根據不同組織或細胞做以下分類:
机体受到多种因素的共同作用,发生基因异常改变,包括原癌基因激活、抑癌基因失活、多种基因异常的累积等,最终形成癌症。
虽然医生知道哪些因素会增加患癌风险,但大多数癌症会发生于没有任何已知导致癌症的风险因素的人身上。可导致癌症风险增加的已知因素包括:
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单个基因异常不能使细胞完全向恶性转化,多种原癌基因激活、抑癌基因失活作用累积,最终导致恶性肿瘤的发生。
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Taller individuals have a heightened chance of cancer as they have far more cells than shorter people. Given that top is genetically identified to a significant extent, taller individuals have a heritable rise in 癌症 cancer hazard.[88]
急症入院者应监测其心率、血氧饱和度等指标,留意其意识状态、呼吸频率等。
疼痛。尽管不是所有癌症都会引起疼痛,但癌症或癌症治疗会引起疼痛。药物和其他方法可以有效地治疗癌性疼痛。
术前要综合评估恶性肿瘤侵及层次、范围以确定手术方式及切除范围,应尽可能争取将肿物完全切除,减少转移的可能,术后标本应送病理明确肿瘤类型、分期、有无转移等信息,以指导术后治疗。